作为译员，我们在工作中有时需要参加一些晚宴或酒会，这时如果知道一些关于红酒的知识，就能让自己在遇到相关话题的翻译时更发挥自如。下面就让我们一起来涨姿势吧~

What is wine?
葡萄酒是怎么酿造的？

The taste of wine is inevitably bound upwith the grape variety. The fundamental balance of sugar, acid and tannin is particular to each variety.

葡萄酒的风味与酿制所用的葡萄口味密不可分。甜度，酸度及单宁的含量根据葡萄品种不同而异。

Red Grapes (红葡萄)

Cabernet Franc—Medium, blackcurrant, grassy, sometimesearth and raspberry.

Cabernet sauvignon

加本力苏维翁（赤霞珠)---

Dark,tannic, blackcurrant, cedar, mint, green pepper, chocolate, tobacco, olives

It is the most recognizable and most versatile of the red wine grapes. The Cabernet Sauvignon grape with its thick skin thrives in warm climates and is grown throughout the world. This grape is late ripening, which makes it the slowest wine to mature. It needs time to agein oak or bottle and is at its best blended with Merlot. In Bordeaux the percentages of Cabernet Sauvignon to Merlot may vary from Chateau to Chateaubut the influence of the grape is always predominate. A very good example of this grape is Chateau Cos d'Estournel. 

是红葡萄品种中最为著名最为丰富多彩的一种。加本力苏维翁葡萄皮较厚，生长于温暖的气候，在世界各地都有种植。此葡萄成熟较晚，并且需要时间在橡木桶中或酒瓶中进行陈年，如与梅洛葡萄混合则口味最佳。在波尔多地区加本力苏维翁和梅洛的混合比例在每个古堡皆有可能不同，但此种葡萄酒的影响是深远悠长的。

口味特征：黑加仑，雪松，青辣椒，薄荷味，黑巧克力味，烟草味，橄榄味。

Gamay （佳美）是一种葡萄酒

—Light to medium, strawberry, peach, pepper,going to farm yard earthiness, and Pinot –like strawberry jam.

 Merlot 

梅洛-Full,soft, blackcurrant, honey, raisin, mint, plum. Similar to Cabernet Sauvignon but with more plum and rose thanblackcurrants, more spice and rich fruit cake with less mint.

The basis for many fine, very aromatic wines. Merlot is similar to Cabernet Sauvignon, but it is less tannic and hasless intense blackberry flavor. It produces a softer, plumper, juicier, earlier maturing wine. Merlot's homeland started in Bordeaux where the most sought after Merlot based wines are from the Pomerol and St-Emilion regions in France.Either used as a blending partner or on its own, Merlot is very much a wine of our times and enjoys enormous popularity throughout the world. A very good example of this grape is Summerfield Merlot.

是多种芳香四溢的精品葡萄酒的基本葡萄品种。梅洛与加本力苏维翁葡萄品种很相似，但单宁味较轻，黑草莓的味道也不是很强烈。此种葡萄品种所酿制的葡萄酒更为柔和，果汁味浓，较为早熟。梅洛葡萄起源于波尔多地区，而最为人们所赞赏熟识的梅洛葡萄酒来自于法国的勃梅龙和圣特米隆地区。不管是与其他葡萄混合或是单独酿制成葡萄酒，梅洛都是一种现代时尚的葡萄品种，享誉中外。

口味特征：加本力苏维翁葡萄的口味相近，但李子和玫瑰的味道浓于黑加仑，更加麻辣，具有丰富的水果蛋糕味，薄荷味较淡。

Shiraz or syrah 

设拉子或设拉---In Australia it is Shiraz and it tends to taste richer, riper and more full-bodiedthan France's Syrah blended wines such as Chateauneuf du Pape from Rhone, eventhough they are the same grape. Very few Australian producers do not make a Shiraz wine of some sort. It is the country's most planted wine grape variety.This is a wine that has early drinking appeal and yet has the ability to age for many years. Bridgewater Mill's Shiraz from the South Australia is an award winning Shiraz showing off Australia's rich side of Shiraz.

在澳大利亚称为设拉子，尽管其与法国的设拉属于同一种葡萄，但澳大利亚葡萄的口感比法国设拉混合酿制的葡萄酒，诸如隆河地区的阿维尼翁红更为丰富，成熟，酒体更为丰满。很少有澳大利亚的酿酒商不酿制一些设拉子种类的葡萄酒的。此种葡萄是澳大利亚种植最广泛的种类，在年份尚浅之时喝口感诱人，但也非常适于珍藏多年。位于澳大利亚南部的葡萄酒之路酿造公司水桥磨坊庄园所酿制的设拉子是一获奖的设拉子葡萄酒，充分展示了澳大利亚设拉子葡萄酒的丰富多彩。

Flavor characteristics: 

Black pepper, chocolate, raspberries,blackberries, spice, leather, game.

口味特征：黑辣椒, 巧克力, 木莓, 黑莓, 混合的辣味, 皮革和野味。

Malbec 

马尔白克---An almost black skinned grape that is known as cot in much of southwest France,Loire Valley and parts of Bordeaux. In Argentina where it is the dominant redwine grape for production, it is known as Malbec. The Malbec grape thrives inwarm climates where it can create deep colored, intensely ripe and attractivegamy wines which are well worth aging . The vines are also grown in Chile,Australia, California and northern Italy. A perfect example of this lush grapecan be found in Bodega Norton's Malbec from Argentina.

葡萄皮几近黑色，在法国西南部的大部分地区，卢瓦山谷以及波尔多的部分地区都称之为蔻特。阿根廷的红葡萄酒大部分是由此类葡萄品种酿制而成，并在当地被称为马尔贝克。马尔白克葡萄在温暖的气候中蓬勃生长，酿制出来的甘美葡萄酒色彩深重，成熟，非常诱人，值得藏以经年。此类葡萄在智利，澳大利亚，加州和意大利北部均有种植。产于阿根廷门多萨省的诺顿庄园的马尔白克葡萄酒便是此类诱人的葡萄酒的完美典范。

Flavor characteristics: Green pepper, blackcurrants, cherries,spices and tobacco

口味特征：青椒，黑加仑，樱桃，麻辣味以及烟草味。

Pinot Noir 

黑皮诺---The red grape of Burgundy and Champagne is sweeter, less tannic, richer in texturethan Cabernet Sauvignon and therefore can be enjoyed far younger. Pinot Noir israrely blended except in Champagne. In Burgundy, achieving sufficient ripenessis always a critical factor. In California and Australia, producers suffer the opposite problem: over ripening. These grapes thrive in cool coastal areas with just enough sunlight so they can develop their fruity flavors and rich textures. In Champagne, Pinot Noir has proven itself to be the ideal black grape for making top quality sparkling wine. Oregon, Washington and northern California, where the climate is cool, come some of the best New World Pinot Noir's such is the case with Villa Mt. Eden located in Napa.

相比加本力苏维翁而言，此种种植于勃根第和香槟地区的葡萄口味更甜，单宁味较淡，纤维丰富，因而在年份很浅的时候就能享用。除了香槟这一特例，黑皮诺在绝大多数情况下都不与其他葡萄混合。在法国的勃根第地区葡萄要达到足够的成熟度是一关键的要素。在加州和澳大利亚，葡萄酒生产商面对着不同的问题：过分成熟。这些葡萄生长于凉爽的沿海地区，光照适宜，使得此类葡萄得以具有果香浓郁的口感和丰富的纤维。在香槟地区，黑皮诺向世人证明了其是酿制高质量的气泡酒理想的葡萄。在华盛顿州和加州北部气候凉爽，酿制的黑皮诺葡萄酒是新世界产区中最好的品种，产于纳帕谷伊甸园的黑皮诺葡萄酒便是典型的代表。

Flavor characteristics: Raspberries, strawberries, cherries,cranberries, violets, roses, and game.

口味特征：木莓，草莓，樱桃，紫罗兰，玫瑰和野味。

Nebbiolo 

内毕罗---Nebbiolo is the great grape of the Piedmont region in Italy. It is the grape of Baroloand Barbaresco wines. This grape when made into wine has a range from smoothand fruity to full and robust. It ages superbly. The Nebbiolo wines are fussy about both site and soil in which they are grown. They produce best when they are grown in hills where they are allowed to ripen shrouded by autumn fog or Nebbia, which may have inspired its name. This makes some of Italy's most luxurious, most vigorous, silky, incisive and memorable red wines. A perfect example of a lush rich Barolo is made by Marchesei Di Barolo.

内毕罗是意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种。它是酿制巴罗洛和巴芭罗斯克葡萄酒的基本成分。此类葡萄酿制而成的葡萄酒感觉滑爽，果香浓郁，酒体饱满，强劲，适于陈年。种植内毕罗葡萄对于地区和土壤是很挑剔的。质量最好的此类品种为种植在山峡中的葡萄，在山峡中，葡萄可以在秋雾，或内毕罗的环绕中成熟，这也就是内毕罗葡萄名称的由来。此类葡萄酿制的葡萄酒是意大利红葡萄酒中最为昂贵的品种之一，口味多样，丝一般柔滑，诱人而又令人印象深刻。巴罗洛侯爵庄园酿制的巴罗洛葡萄酒便是此诱人的红葡萄酒的最佳典范。

Flavor characteristics: Bing cherries, leather, tobacco, dried herbs and chocolate.

口味特征：樱桃, 皮革, 烟草味，甘草和巧克力口味。

Sangiovese

杉济奥维瑟----Itis Italy's most planted red wine grape, the central grape in a majority ofItalian red wines most notably Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino as well as RossoPiceno. The best of the Sangiovese are full, firm, dry and slightly spicy winesthat age well. The true essence of the grape can be found in Compagnola's RossoPiceno or the Gineprone Chianti from Col D'Orcia.

此类葡萄在意大利是种植范围最广的红葡萄品种。大部分的意大利红酒都用此种葡萄酿制，最著名的为基昂蒂,蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺以及比萨干红。杉济奥维瑟葡萄酒中最好的品种酒体丰满，坚实，口味干燥，略带麻辣味，适于陈年。来自坎帕尼奥拉酒园的比萨干红或来自科尔多奇亚酒园的经典基昂蒂葡萄酒中可以体会到此种葡萄的真正奥秘。

Flavor characteristics: Bitter cherries, spices, tobacco,raspberries and dried fruit

口味特征：苦莓，麻辣的口味，烟草，木莓和干果。

Zinfandel

仙芬黛---The origin of this grape is still a mystery, Zinfandel is California's very own grape variety. The grapes can produce wines that range from pale pink and slightly sweet to serious oak aged, full-bodied wines that are rich with ripe berry and spice flavors. Most of the Zinfandel wines are ready to drink early,but the deep red wines have staying power and will age at least 10 years. Sohigh is Zinfandels profile in California that these grapes have been planted in many other warm wine regions around the world. For something slightly sweet that is best chilled and can be enjoyed anytime Beringer's White Zinfandel fits the bill.

仙芬黛葡萄的起源还未被世人所知，其是加州自身独特的葡萄品种。此种葡萄酿制出来的葡萄酒从桃红色品种到轻淡的甜酒，直至经过橡木桶陈年，酒体丰满，富有成熟的草莓和麻辣口味的葡萄酒种类。大多数的仙芬黛在酒龄尚浅之时便可以饮取，但深红色的葡萄酒能够陈年长达10年以上。仙芬黛在加州享有的盛名使得这些葡萄也被广泛地种植于世界各地的其他温暖的葡萄酒产区。贝灵哲的白仙芬黛是同类品种典型的代表，其口味稍甜，适于冷冻，随时均可享用。

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